In order to choose a measure of association, you take into account the (a)symmetry of the association and the level of measurement. You can use this table to determine which measure of association is appropriate for your variables and association. When you do not know if there is a causal relationship between your two variables, […]

There is a table available in Dutch which can help you choose your significance test in the digital workbook of Inferential Statistics, under ‘keuze toets’: http://www.mco.edu.fmg.uva.nl/is/werkboek.htm